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This article is about the video game, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. You may be looking for the titular organization.

Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (メタルギアソリッド2 サンズ・オブ・リバティ Metaru Gia Soriddo 2 Sanzu Obu Ribati?, commonly abbreviated as MGS2) is a stealth action game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It is the fourth game in the Metal Gear series produced and directed by Kojima and is the direct sequel of Metal Gear Solid. Its release was followed by an expanded edition, Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Microsoft Windows. Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, a prequel to the entire Metal Gear series, followed in 2004. In 2008, a direct sequel, Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, was released.

The game was well-received, shipping over 7 million copies worldwide. It received a metascore of 96 on Metacritic and average of 95.09% on GameRankings.[1][2] While the gameplay and graphics were universally acclaimed, critics and fans were divided on the philosophical nature and execution of the game's storyline, which explores the themes of memes, social engineering, political conspiracies, and artificial intelligence. Critics and fans were also divided on Raiden, a new character who serves as the main protagonist for the majority of the game, and the length of the game's cutscenes. Over the years, the game has seen greater acclaim.

Plot[]

Metal Gear chronology
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (1964)
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops* (1970)
Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (1974)
Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (1975)
Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (1984)
Metal Gear (1995)
Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (1999)
Metal Gear Solid (The Twin Snakes) (2005)
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2007/2009)
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (2014)
Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance* (2018)

Two years after the events of the Shadow Moses Incident, Solid Snake and Otacon, working as Philanthropy, receive intelligence of a new type of Metal Gear being transported through the Hudson River. As Snake boards the tanker, it's seized by a group of Russian mercenaries led by Revolver Ocelot, intent on stealing the new Metal Gear.

For a full summary of the Tanker Chapter, see Tanker Incident.

Another two years later and the Big Shell, the offshore clean up facility constructed in its place is taken over by a terrorist faction calling themselves the Sons of Liberty. New FOXHOUND operative Raiden is sent in to neutralize the threat. However, all is not as it seems.

For a full summary of the Plant Chapter, see Big Shell Incident.

Cast[]

Character English Voice Actor Japanese Voice Actor Motion Actor
Solid Snake David Hayter Akio Ōtsuka Mizuho Yoshida
Raiden Quinton Flynn Kenyu Horiuchi Eiji Morisaki
Hal "Otacon" Emmerich Christopher Randolph Hideyuki Tanaka
Rosemary Lara Cody Kikuko Inoue
Olga Gurlukovich Vanessa Marshall Kyoko Terase
Colonel Paul Eiding Takeshi Aono N/A
Solidus Snake John Cygan Akio Ōtsuka
Fortune Maura Gale (credited as Maula Gale) Yumi Tōma
Vamp Phil LaMarr (credited as Phil La Marr) Ryōtarō Okiayu
Fatman Barry Dennen Kōzō Shioya
Peter Stillman Greg Eagles Shōzō Iizuka
Emma Emmerich Jennifer Hale Maria Yamamoto
Revolver Ocelot Patric Zimmerman (credited as Pat Zimmerman) Kōji Totani
Liquid Snake Cam Clarke Banjō Ginga
Sergei Gurlukovich Earl Boen Osamu Saka
Scott Dolph Kevin Michael Richardson (credited as Kevin M. Richardson) Daisuke Gōri
Richard Ames Peter Renaday Masaharu Satō
President Johnson Paul Lukather Yuzuru Fujimoto
Mei Ling Kim Mai Guest Houko Kuwashima
Johnny Sasaki Dean Scofield Naoki Imamura N/A
Navy SEALs Neil Ross
Dee Bradley Baker (credited as Dee Baker)
Dean Scofield
Jeff Doucette
Dominic Armato
Russian Soldiers Michael Bell
Richard Gilbert-Hill
Roger Rose
Michael Gough
W. Morgan Sheppard (credited as Morgan Sheppard)
Hostage Scott Dolph
Computer Nancy Linari N/A
Additional Voices Jin Domon
Tetsu Inada
Takayuki Inoue
Yuki Makishima
Yuko Morooka
Osamu Ryutani
Shinobu Satouchi
Hiroyuki Satō
Hirofumi Tanaka
Munehiro Tokita
Yasuhiko Tokuyama
Takehiko Watanabe
N/A

Theme[]

Memetic engineering (the theory that ideas, beliefs and thoughts can be isolated and controlled) is the theme of this game. The aim of the Patriots is to control the flow of information through society, censoring what they deem to be "trivial" or "biased". With the dawn of the digital age, information can be spread more openly and freely by individuals.l, but this carries the risk that such information is biased or outright incorrect, thus allowing lies to become an ingrained part of human culture and slowing down the evolutionary progress of humanity. As they are machines, the Patriots' AIs have the ability to be completely objective in relation to the information they encounter. They can logically decide what the best or most reliable information is without letting personal opinions interfere with their conclusions, therefore eliminating bias by filtering information on the Internet and disrupting the dissemination of lies that come with the digital age.

Solid Snake's philosophy is that humanity needs to find something worth believing in and pass it on to future generations. Over the course of the game, he teaches Raiden to question what he believes in and as a mentor like figure, encourages him to come to a new understanding about life and what information he wants to pass onto future generations. Through the way he influences Raiden, Solid Snake is representative of a hope that humanity can use the benefits of the digital age without allowing lies and falsehoods to corrupt people's outlook or culture.

Substance is also a theme within the game. For most of the game, Raiden is a blank character with no ideological beliefs or attachment to the conflicts he's taken part in. Unbeknownst to him, he has been controlled and used his entire life. This lack of identity is symbolically shown when Rosemary talks about his bedroom being an all white room with nothing more than a bed and a desk. It is not until near the end of the game, when Raiden confronts Solidus, that he reveals a dark troubled past and is forced to confront his own lack of identity. At the game's conclusion, Raiden acknowledges his dark history but chooses to embrace Solid Snake's ideology of fighting to protect future generations and becomes confident in finding truth for himself. It can be said that Raiden becomes Solid Snake's memetic successor by the end of the game; by adopting Snake's beliefs and thus creates an identity he chooses for himself rather than one that was forced upon him.

The game was also considered to be among the first games to push the philosophical concept of postmodernism as a theme.[3] Kojima, in an interview with Wired, also explained that making a post-modern plot line for a game was one of his main goals for Metal Gear Solid 2.[4]

Gameplay[]

Metal Gear Solid 2 carries the title of "Tactical Espionage Action," and most of the game involves the protagonist sneaking around avoiding being seen by the enemies. The game also features many more elements than its predecessor. The new first person aiming mode allows the player to target specific points in the game, greatly expanding tactical options, while guards can be blinded by steam and distracted by thrown objects. The player can now walk slowly, allowing them to sneak over noisy flooring without making a sound, or hang off walkways to avoid guards. The corner-press move from the original title, which allowed the player a sneak peek around the next bend, is expanded to allow them to fire from cover.[5]

The guards were given more advanced AI "to prevent an imbalance of power," and unlike the original Metal Gear Solid, work in squads. They will call on their radios for a strike team upon seeing the player, then attempt to flank them and cut off their escape while avoiding the player's attacks. If the player is skilled enough, the guards radio can be disabled with a well-placed shot with any firearm. Often strike teams will carry body armor and riot shields, making them an even greater threat. The player can hide from guards and strike teams by hiding in places such as lockers or bathroom stalls.[6]

Boss battles and set-pieces remain a case of finding a strategy that bypasses the defenses of the enemy. However, in a major break from action game standards, it is also possible to clear the entire game, including boss fights, without causing a single deliberate death, through the use of tranquilizer guns, stun grenades, and melee attacks.[6]

The game also features a new character, Raiden, who is more athletic and maneuverable than Snake and also whom the player controls, for the Plant Chapter.[7] Solid Snake is only playable in the Tanker Chapter.[8]

Development[]

Metal Gear Solid 2 began development in 1999. It was originally going to titled Metal Gear Solid III. The Roman numerals in the title was used to represent the three tallest skyscrapers in Manhattan, the setting of the game.[9] In addition, Hideo Kojima implied that several of the themes he intended to be used in Metal Gear Solid 2 were essentially put into film format by the Wachowskis via their movie The Matrix beforehand.[10]

According to Hideo Kojima in the documentary Metal Gear Saga Vol. 1, the original plot of the game revolved around nuclear weapon inspections in Iraq and Iran. In the plot, Solid Snake was supposed to stop the new

Metal_Gear_Solid_2_Making_of_The_Hollywood_Game

Metal Gear Solid 2 Making of The Hollywood Game

Metal Gear while it was located on an aircraft carrier, in a certain time limit. He was also supposed to defeat Liquid Snake and his group, implying that Liquid had faked his death from FOXDIE in the previous game. However, about six months into the project, tensions in the Middle East began to arise, so the development team decided that they couldn't make a game with such a plot. The tanker in the final version is based on the original plot.[11]

MGS2 Trial Edition - Title Screen

Title screen of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty Trial Edition.

Metal Gear Solid 2 was also intended to reference the novel City of Glass, a novel by Paul Auster published in 1985, most notably in the naming of its characters. Raiden's support team originally featured a field commander named Daniel Quinn (simply referred as the "Colonel" in-game); Maxine "Max" Work, an Asian woman who saves the game data and quotes Shakespeare; and William "Doc" Wilson, the creator of GW. All take their names from key characters in the book, and all three would have turned out to be AIs. None of these characters appear in the final version. Their roles were absorbed by other characters, namely the "Colonel Campbell" simulation, Rose, and Emma Emmerich. Peter Stillman, however, takes his name from another City of Glass character.[9]

A two player versus mode was also planned. However, it was dropped for unknown reasons.[9]

Metal Gear Solid 2 is the first Metal Gear game to contain a note at the beginning that states that the events of the story are fictional.[12] The note was presumably added in due to the events of September 11. This would later be repeated in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.

The consistent plot device throughout the game of all the characters either giving lies at least once or otherwise betraying and going to the other side of the conflict, according to Kojima, was based on the film L.A. Confidential.[13]

According to the localizer of the game, Agness Kaku, Konami and Kojima had been insistent that the localized script remain exactly the same as in Japan on a micro-level in a manner comparable to scientific journals and legal documents, meaning she could not remove anything even to keep the flow or reduce repetition.[14]

Footage[]

Just like in the previous game, real life footage was utilized for the game, namely for the New York City aspects. Some of the footage was done first-hand by the Konami development team, while others were supplied via IMAGICA Corp., FRONT LINE, Inc., and ABCNEWS VIDEOSOURCE.

September 11 terror attacks[]

Because the game finished development before 9/11 but wasn't due to be released yet, several aspects ended up significantly edited to avoid highlighting any similarities to the terror attacks. The most notable changes were a sequence depicting Arsenal Gear's displacement of the Statue of Liberty and crashing through half of Manhattan was removed, as was a short coda that was supposed to appear after the credits, consisting of a newscast showing the Statue of Liberty's new resting place on Ellis Island. At the point where Solidus Snake dies, an American flag of New York Stock Exhange (cut by him during the deleted crash scene) was supposed to fall over latter's body, though the development team removed all the American flags from the game.[15]

Additionally, several pieces of dialogue were cut, such as Liquid Ocelot claiming responsibility for Arsenal Gear ramming into Manhattan, as well as Vamp explicitly stating that Dead Cell's plan to use the purified hydrogen bomb to nuke Manhattan outright was independent of Solidus's goal of causing an EMP, and Raiden accusing President Johnson of working for the terrorists.

For most of the game's development, Raiden's name was written in katakana as ライデン or literally "Raiden." After 9/11, his name began to be written in kanji as 雷電. The name was altered because in Japanese, "Laden" is written as ラーディン.[16]

To a lesser extent, some artwork for the game was also altered as a result of 9/11. A notable example of this was one of the artworks that depicted Solid Snake posing near the Manhattan skyline. Originally, the skyline showed the World Trade Center, although this was edited out for the final versions of the artwork, including the version included in The Art of Metal Gear Solid 2. The original can be found on the October 2001 issue of Electronic Gaming Monthly, as it had been commissioned by Yoji Shinkawa specifically for the magazine.[17]

Music[]

Kojima's choice of composer for Metal Gear Solid 2 was highly publicized in the follow-up to the game's release. Kojima decided upon Harry Gregson-Williams, a Hollywood film composer from Hans Zimmer's studio, after watching The Replacement Killers with sound director Kazuki Muraoka. A mix CD containing 18 tracks of Gregson-Williams' work was sent to his office. Flattered by the research put into creating the CD (as some of the tracks were unreleased, and that what tracks he'd worked on for some films were undocumented), he joined the project soon after.

In order to bypass the language barrier and allow the score to be developed before the cutscenes were finalized, Gregson-Williams was sent short phrases or descriptions of the intended action. The resultant themes then shaped the action sequences in return. Gregson-Williams also arranged and re-orchestrated the original "Metal Gear Solid Main Theme" for use in the game's opening title sequence.

Norihiko Hibino, who had composed the music for Metal Gear: Ghost Babel, was responsible for all of the in-game music. He also worked on the majority of the game's cutscenes, re-orchestrating Gregson-Williams' "Main Theme" remix for use in several sequences.

As with Metal Gear Solid, the cutscene music includes orchestral and choir pieces, while the in-game soundtrack is scored with ambient electronic music. However, the score as a whole incorporates more electronic elements than its predecessor, in order to reflect the plot's thematic thrust of a machine-dominated society. Rika Muranaka again provided a vocal ending theme, a jazz track entitled "Can't Say Goodbye to Yesterday", sung by the late Carla White. The game's music was released via 4 CDs: Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty Original Soundtrack, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty Soundtrack 2: The Other Side, Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance Limited Sorter (Black Edition) and Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance Ultimate Sorter (White Edition).

Symbolism[]

MGS2 E3 2001

E3 2001 poster for Metal Gear Solid 2.

The background of an E3 2001 poster for Metal Gear Solid 2 features artwork from the 1822 Niklas Müller book Glauben, Wissen und Kunst der alten Hindus (Beliefs, Knowledge and Art of the Ancient Hindus).[18] The image depicts a turtle bearing the 21 worlds of Hindu mythology on its back, surrounded by the world serpent Shesha, one of the primal beings of creation. The image is also featured during the sequence in which the player must navigate Raiden through Arsenal Gear's interior, upon pausing the game with the Start button.

In addition, the poster's tagline notes the use of the snake to symbolize independence by the American founding fathers, and that "only the snake builds a new world." The various imagery can be said to represent the desires of Solidus, Liquid, and Solid Snake, to create a different world from that which is portrayed in the game's storyline. The artwork from Glauben, Wissen und the Kunst der alten Hindus could also be seen to represent either Arsenal Gear or the Big Shell, with the hexagonal designs of the former's hull and the latter's structure having a similar appearance to that of a turtle's shell. Arsenal itself is referred to as "tortoise-like" in Hideo Kojima's "Grand Game Plan."

Reception[]

Reviews
Publication Score
Electronic Gaming Monthly 9.5/10
Game Informer 10/10
GamePro 5/5
GameSpot 9.6/10
GameSpy 97/100
GameZone 9.8/10
IGN 9.7/10
Official PlayStation Magazine 5/5
Compilations of multiple reviews
Metacritic 96
GameRankings 95.09%

As a result of promising trailers and the huge commercial success of its predecessor Metal Gear Solid, there was a high level of anticipation and hype in the gaming community surrounding the release of Metal Gear Solid 2. Metal Gear Solid 2 received a large amount of critical and fan praise upon its release, maintaining an average of 95.09% on GameRankings,[2] making it the 4th highest rated PlayStation 2 game and the 27th highest rated game overall on the site.[19][20] The game scored a metascore of 96 on Metacritic.[1] The game also sold over 7 million copies worldwide and won multiple "Game of the Year" awards.

While critics praised the game's level of graphical detail, in particular the use of in-game graphics to render plot-driving cutscenes, the title's storyline was the source of mixed opinions. The storyline explores many philosophical and cyberpunk themes in great detail. Although some have praised Kojima's script, others considered the plot to be "incomprehensible" and overly heavy for an action game. Some also felt that the lengthy dialogue sections heavily disrupted the gameplay, and that the dialogue itself was overly disjointed and convoluted.

Fans were taken by surprise that they took the role of Raiden during the entirety of the Plant Chapter. Overall, the reception in North America and Europe was negative towards the introduction of Raiden. In Japan, it was neutral. Another dispute was the cutscenes which were considerably longer than the cutscenes in Metal Gear Solid, leading to complaints that Metal Gear Solid 2 was more like a movie with interactive sequences rather than a "Tactical Espionage" game.

Regardless of the mixed reviews of the game's drift from action based espionage and its very lengthy cutscenes and confusing nature, the game is still considered a staple in the stealth game genre, with over 7 million copies sold resulting in it being the best-selling game in the genre to date.

Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance[]

Main article: Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance

Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance went multi-platform in Spring 2003, being released on the Xbox and Microsoft Windows. The new version included several new gameplay modes such as boss survival and the return of VR training and some minor graphical enhancements. The Windows version required an upgrade due to its high graphic content in which the user would need a DVD drive to play the game. Substance was ported to the PlayStation 2 several months later. It was released at the same time that the original version was added to Sony's Greatest Hits lineup.

Additions and changes in Substance include:

  • Addition of a Boss Survival mode (was already included in the European and Japanese version of Metal Gear Solid 2).
  • Addition of Skateboarding mini-game (PlayStation 2 version only).
  • Addition of 5 "Snake Tales", feature sized games.
  • Addition of over 500 VR and Alternative missions.
  • Addition of Casting Theater (was already included in the European and Japanese version of Metal Gear Solid 2).
  • Alterations of names on dog tags.
  • Alterations of thermal goggles graphics.

The Document of Metal Gear Solid 2[]

Main article: The Document of Metal Gear Solid 2

In the month of September 2002, a making of interactive disc was released in Japan and North America titled The Document of Metal Gear Solid 2. The disc contains VR Missions, a built-in soundtrack, the mechanics and areas of the game, as well as the ability to look at player polygons. It isn't literally a "documentary" in a sense as it is more interactive. To a degree, it served its purpose to show the entire game of Metal Gear Solid 2.

It was eventually released in Europe in March 2003 at no cost. It was packaged with Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance to compensate for the former's delayed release.

Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée[]

Main article: Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée

An animated version of the Metal Gear Solid 2 comic was released in Japan on June 12, 2008, titled Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée. It was released on DVD and features Japanese voice acting, unlike the Digital Graphic Novel.

Novelization[]

Raymond Benson[]

A novelization written by Raymond Benson was released on November 24, 2009. It covers the complete story and was released in Europe in February 2010. It also included material from the original script that was removed from the final version of Metal Gear Solid 2, due to 9/11, such as Raiden cutting down the American flag shortly after killing Solidus, and the Arsenal Gear crash sequence, the latter of which clarified that it was Liquid Ocelot who had directed the vessel to crash into Manhattan. It also added in a brief bit of dialogue in the ending between Raiden and Snake, where Raiden questioned how Snake could be certain that OIga's child is male (a subtle reference to how in the translated game, before Sunny was revealed to be female in Metal Gear Solid 4, Snake referred to Olga's child as a male). A Japanese version was also released.

Hitori Nojima[]

On August 4, 2015, it was announced that Hitori Nojima, the author of the novelization for Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, was working on three novelizations for the series, including one, titled Metal Gear Solid Substance II: NY, that focused on the events of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. The novel was released on September 25, 26 days after the release of the first book, Metal Gear Solid Substance I: Shadow Moses. It features cover art by Yoji Shinkawa.[21]

Limited Editions[]

Like its predecessor, a limited edition Premium Package of the game was released. This package contains the game itself with a different cover art, a full color data book, a making of DVD and a limited edition Solid Snake figure by Yamoto. The Premium Package was only released in Japan.

A bundle pack was released on the same day as the game's European release. It contains a PlayStation 2 console and the game itself. The making of DVD was not included in the bundle.

Legacy[]

Metal Gear Solid 2 along with Metal Gear Solid were featured in the Smithsonian American Art Museum's "The Art of Video Games" exhibition, running from March 16 to September 30, 2012.[22]

Cultural impact[]

In a 2006 viewer poll conducted by Japan's Famitsu magazine of top 100 games of all time, Metal Gear Solid 2 was ranked at #42 in the poll. In the 200th issue of Game Informer Magazine in 2009, its list of top 200 games of all time ranked the game at #50 on the list. Metal Gear Solid 2 was ranked #7 in Game Informer's 2008 list of the top ten video game openings. In 2010, GamesRadar included the game in its list of top seven games "with mega plot twists you never saw coming." The game was included in Tony Mott and Peter Molyneux's 2011 book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die. It has also been listed as one of the best games of all time by Electronic Gaming Monthly, Empire, GameFAQs, GameRankings, IGN, Metacritic, Slant, and Stuff.

In 2009, Wired included the game in its list of "The 15 Most Influential Games of the Decade" at #13, concluding that every "videogame story that subverts a player’s expectations owes a debt to the ground broken by Metal Gear Solid 2." The artistic influence of Metal Gear Solid 2 can be seen in later video games such as Goichi Suda's similarly postmodern game Killer7, the similarly metanarrative game Portal, the survival horror title Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, and particularly the first-person shooter BioShock, which featured a similar plot twist to Metal Gear Solid 2. Several game mechanics developed in Metal Gear Solid 2, such as the cover system and laser sight mechanic, have since become staples of stealth games as well as shooters, including Kill Switch (2003), Resident Evil 4 (2005) and Gears of War (2006). The reveal of Metal Gear Solid 2 also led to the development of Splinter Cell, which Ubisoft originally intended to be "a Metal Gear Solid 2 killer." According to Kojima, Metal Gear Solid 2 paid more "attention to the surroundings" in real-time and later "games like Call of Duty have followed this trend of making your surroundings more realistic."

Themes and analysis[]

"In the current, digitized world, trivial information is accumulating every second, preserved in all its triteness. Never fading, always accessible. Rumors about petty issues, misinterpretations, slander. All this junk data preserved in an unfiltered state, growing at an alarming rate. It will only slow down social progress, reduce the rate of evolution. The digital society furthers human flaws, and selectively rewards development of half-truths."
"Everyone withdraws into their own small gated community, afraid of a larger forum. They stay inside their little ponds, leaking whatever "truth" suits them into the growing cesspool of society at large. The different cardinal truths neither clash nor mesh. No one is invalidated, but nobody is right. Not even natural selection can take place here. The world is being engulfed in "truth." And this is the way the world ends. Not with a bang, but a whimper.
"
Colonel and Rose[src]

Metal Gear Solid 2 is often considered the first example of a postmodern video game and has often been cited as a primary example of artistic expression in video games. The storyline explored many social, philosophical and cyberpunk themes in significant detail, including meme theory, social engineering, sociology, artificial intelligence, information control, conspiracy theories, political and military maneuvering, evolution, existentialism, censorship, the nature of reality, the Information Age, virtual reality, child exploitation, taboos such as incest, sexual orientation, and the moral dilemma between security and personal liberty. Since its release, the game's themes have been studied and analyzed by numerous writers, journalists, and academics.

The game is considered to be ahead of its time for dealing with themes and concepts that later became culturally relevant in the 2010s. The game has been described as "profound," particularly the final dialogue scene between Raiden and the AI posing as the Colonel and Rose. Comparisons have been drawn to concepts that became mainstream during the 2010s, such as fake news, echo chambers, and alternative facts.

Gallery[]

Packaging[]

Demos[]

Books[]

Videos[]

Merchandise[]

Paraphernalia[]

Illustrations[]

Trailers[]

See also[]

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References[]

  1. ^ a b Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty for PlayStation 2 Reviews - Metacritic
  2. ^ a b Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty for PlayStation 2 - GameRankings
  3. ^ http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-08-16-metal-gear-solid-2-the-first-postmodern-video-game
  4. ^ http://archives.insertcredit.com/features/dreaming2/index5.html
  5. ^ Metal Gear Solid 2 PS2 Game Guide
  6. ^ a b http://www.answers.com/topic/metal-gear-solid-2-sons-of-liberty
  7. ^ http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/mgs2/english/story/index_plant.html
  8. ^ http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/mgs2/english/story/index_tanker.html
  9. ^ a b c Metal Gear Solid 2 Grand Game Plan.
  10. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130328062143/http://www.gamespot.com/news/hideo-kojima-speaks-about-the-matrix-2448486
    Kojima made a very interesting comment: "I have seen the movie four times (laughs). I like this type of work. What I was planning to do in my next project, they pretty much made into a motion picture. We were planning on certain things like characters running on walls and such, but they've beat me to it (laughs)."
  11. ^ Metal Gear Saga Vol. 1 - YouTube
  12. ^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
    After the player selects the chapter they want to play, the message "This story is fictional. Any and all similarities to characters, groups, or other entities in real life are coincidental" will pop up.
  13. ^ MGS2 Production Background Notes
  14. ^ http://www.eatchain.com/garbage/METALGEAR%3F%3F%3F/Metal%20Gear%20Solid%202%20Agness%20Kaku%20Intereview/Page%202/Hardcore%20Gaming%20101%20%20Agness%20Kaku%20Interview.htm
  15. ^ The Document of Metal Gear Solid 2.
  16. ^ Kotaku. What Osama Bin Laden And Metal Gears Solid Have In Common. Kotaku. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  17. ^ https://twitter.com/Arc_Hound/status/1039187147960606720
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ 2 Reviews and News Articles - GameRankings
  20. ^ Browse and Search Games - GameRankings
  21. ^ http://www.metalgearinformer.com/?p=21057
  22. ^ The Art of Video Games

External links[]

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